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Data Sheet
DiskOnChip 2000 DIP
From 16MByte to 1GByte
Highlights
DiskOnChip 2000 DIP is a member of M-Systems' family of DiskOnChip flash disk products. It is available in capacities of 16MByte to 1GByte. Note: The following abbreviation is used in this document: MB for MByte, GB for GByte. DiskOnChip 2000 DIP features: Single-chip plug-n-play flash disk Low power, single 3.3V or 5V power supply 16MByte (MB) to 1GByte (GB) capacity Simple, easy-to-integrate interface 8KB sized memory window Boot OS capability Proprietary TrueFFS(R) technology for full hard disk emulation, high data reliability and maximum flash lifetime Software tools for programming, duplicating, testing and debugging
Hardware Compatibility
32-pin DIP, JEDEC standard, EEPROM-compatible pinout Pinout compatible with DiskOnChip Millennium DIP 8MB Compatible with all major CPUs, including: x86 StrongARM Xscale Geode(R) SCxxxx PowerPCTM MPC8xx MediaGX 68K MIPS SuperHTM SH-x 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit bus architecture support
Reliability
On-the-fly Reed-Solomon Error Detection Code/Error Correction Code (EDC/ECC) Guaranteed data integrity, even after power failure Transparent bad block management Dynamic and static wear-leveling
Applications
Embedded systems Internet access devices Internet set-top boxes/ITV, Web browsers WBT, thin clients, network computers Routers, networking Web phones, car PCs, DVD, HPC Point of sale, industrial PCs Telecom, medical
TrueFFS Software
Full hard-disk read/write emulation for transparent file system management Identical software for all DiskOnChip capacities Patented methods to extend flash lifetime, including: o Dynamic virtual mapping o Dynamic and static wear-leveling Support for all major OSs, including: VxWorks, Windows CE/.NET, Linux, Windows NT/XP, QNX and others. Operates with TrueFFS Software Development Kit (SDK) in OS-less environment.
Capacities
Low profile: 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, 192, 256, 384MB High profile: 576, 768, 1024MB Commercial (0C to 70C) and Extended Temperature Range (-40C to +85C) for all capacities
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DiskOnChip 2000 DIP Data Sheet
Table of Contents
1. 2.
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4 Product Overview................................................................................................. 5
Product Description..................................................................................................................... 5 I/O Operation............................................................................................................................... 6 Pin Diagram ................................................................................................................................ 6 Signal Descriptions ..................................................................................................................... 7
3.
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Theory of Operation ............................................................................................. 8
Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 8 System Interface ......................................................................................................................... 8 Boot Block ................................................................................................................................... 8 Error Detection Code/Error Correction Code (EDC/ECC) .......................................................... 9 Flash Control............................................................................................................................... 9
4. 5.
5.1
Operating Modes .................................................................................................. 9 TrueFFS Technology.......................................................................................... 10
General Description .................................................................................................................. 10 Built-In Operating System Support........................................................................................ 10 TrueFFS Software Development Kit (SDK)........................................................................... 11 File Management................................................................................................................... 11 Bad-Block Management ........................................................................................................ 11 Wear-Leveling ....................................................................................................................... 11 Power Failure Management...................................................................................................... 12 Error Detection/Correction..................................................................................................... 12 Special Features through I/O Control (IOCTL) Mechanism .................................................. 12 Compatibility .......................................................................................................................... 12 8KB Memory Window ............................................................................................................... 13 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.3
6.
6.1 6.2
Booting from DiskOnChip 2000 ........................................................................ 14
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 14 Boot Procedure in PC-Compatible Platforms ........................................................................... 14
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7.
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4
Design Considerations ...................................................................................... 15
Design Environment.................................................................................................................. 15 System Interface ....................................................................................................................... 16 Connecting Signals ................................................................................................................... 16 Platform-Specific Issues ........................................................................................................... 17 Wait State .............................................................................................................................. 17 Big and Little Endian Systems............................................................................................... 17 Working with 8/16/32-Bit Systems......................................................................................... 17
7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3
8.
8.1
Product Specifications ...................................................................................... 18
Environmental Specifications.................................................................................................... 18 Temperature Ranges ............................................................................................................ 18 DiskOnChip Assembly........................................................................................................... 18 Humidity................................................................................................................................. 18 Shock and Vibration .............................................................................................................. 18 Electrical Specifications ............................................................................................................ 18 Absolute Maximum Ratings................................................................................................... 18 Capacitance........................................................................................................................... 18 DC Electrical Characteristics over Operating Range ............................................................ 19 AC Operating Conditions....................................................................................................... 20 Timing Specifications ................................................................................................................ 21 Read Cycle Timing ................................................................................................................ 21 Write Cycle Timing ................................................................................................................ 22 Mechanical Dimensions ............................................................................................................ 23 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.4
9.
Ordering Information ......................................................................................... 24
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1.
Introduction
Overview of data sheet contents Product overview, including brief product description, a pin diagram and signal descriptions Theory of operation for the major building blocks Modes of operation Description of TrueFFS technology Using DiskOnChip 2000 DIP as a boot device Design considerations for implementing popular applications and for maximizing built-in flexibility features Environmental, mechanical, electrical and production specifications
This data sheet includes the following sections: Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: Section 5: Section 6: Section 7: Section 8:
To contact M-Systems' worldwide offices for general information and technical support, please see the listing on the back page, or visit M-Systems' website (www.m-sys.com).
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2.
2.1
Product Overview
Product Description
The DiskOnChip 2000 product line is the second-generation of M-Systems' DiskOnChip series of products. The DiskOnChip 2000 series provides a small, single-chip, solid-state flash disk in a standard 32-pin DIP package. Combining a disk controller with flash memory on a single chip, DiskOnChip 2000 is the solution where minimal weight, space, and power consumption are essential. DiskOnChip 2000 is used in a wide range of products, such as information appliances, set-top boxes, thin clients, thin servers, network computers, and embedded, portable computers. By placing DiskOnChip 2000 in a standard socket, physical space requirements are reduced. Unlike standard IDE drives, no cables or extra space are required. DiskOnChip 2000 has no moving parts, resulting in significantly decreased power consumption and increased reliability. It is easy to use and reduces integration overhead. DiskOnChip 2000 is therefore a very attractive alternative to conventional hard and floppy disk drives. Using TrueFFS technology, DiskOnChip 2000 delivers full hard disk emulation. As such, the design and integration stages can be considerably reduced, thereby enabling very fast time-to-market and ease of production. Combined with its very attractive cost structure, DiskOnChip 2000 is a superior alternative to resident flash array (RFA). DiskOnChip 2000 products are available in capacities ranging from 16MB to 1GB. In addition, they are 100% pinout and software compatible with the DiskOnChip Millennium DIP 8MB package. In future versions, the capacity will increase (up to 4GB during 2003). Since the same pinout will be retained, the socket on the target platform will not have to be changed to accommodate the larger capacities. DiskOnChip technology provides broad support for all major operating systems and processors in the market, enabling it to be readily integrated with any architecture. DiskOnChip 2000 is shipped as a plug-and-play device that is fully tested and formatted, and programmed with a DOS driver. Future driver, software or content upgrades, or formatting, can be made on-board or off-board using DiskOnChip utilities and accessories provided by M-Systems.
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2.2
I/O Operation
See Figure 1 for a simplified I/O diagram.
A[12:0] D[7:0] DiskOnChip 2000 OE# WE# CE#
Figure 1:Simplified I/O Diagram
2.3
Pin Diagram
NC NC NC A12 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D0 D1 D2 VSS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
32 31 30 29 28 27 26
VCC WE# NC NC NC A8 A9 A11 OE# A10 CE# D7 D6 D5 D4 D3
DiskOnChip 2000 DIP
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
Figure 2: Package Description and Pinout
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2.4
Signal Descriptions
Signal Pin Number 4 to 12, 23, 25 to 27 13 to 15, 17 to 21 22 24 31 32 16 1, 2, 3, 28, 29, 30 Input Type ST IN ST ST ST Address signals. Data signals. Chip Enable, active low Output Enable, active low Write Enable, active low Power VCC VSS NC Device supply Ground Other Not Connected. These pins should be left floating. Absolute maximum ratings must be observed. Supply Supply Description System Interface A[12:0] D[7:0] CE# OE# WE# Input Input/ Output Input Input Input Signal Type
The following abbreviations are used: IN Standard (non-Schmidt) input ST Schmidt Trigger input
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3.
3.1
* * * *
Theory of Operation
Overview
System Interface for host interface. Boot Block that contains IPL ROM required for recognition during BIOS expansion search in PC architectures. Reed-Solomon-based Error Detection and Error Correction Code (EDC/ECC) for on-the-fly error handling. Flash Control block that contains registers responsible for transferring the address, data and control information between the TrueFFS driver and the flash media.
DiskOnChip 2000 consists of the following major functional blocks, as shown in Figure 3:
CE# WE# OE# D[0:7] A[0:12]
System Interface
Flash Control
Flash
Boot Block (IPL ROM)
EDC/ECC
Figure 3: DiskOnChip 2000 Simplified Block Diagram
3.2
System Interface
The system interface block provides an easy-to-integrate SRAM-like (also EEPROM-like) interface to DiskOnChip 2000, enabling it to interface with various CPU interfaces, such as a local bus, ISA bus, SRAM interface, EEPROM interface or any other compatible interface. A 13-bit wide address bus enables access to the DiskOnChip 8KB memory window (as shown in Figure 5). The Chip Enable (CE#), Write Enable (WE#) and Output Enable (OE#) signals trigger read and write cycles. A write cycle occurs while both the CE# and the WE# inputs are asserted. Similarly, a read cycle occurs while both the CE# and OE# inputs are asserted. Note that DiskOnChip 2000 does not require a clock signal. The CE#, WE# and OE# signals trigger the controller (e.g., system interface block, bus control and data pipeline) and flash access.
3.3
Boot Block
The boot block is responsible for answering the BIOS expansion search in PC architectures. After the BIOS identifies DiskOnChip 2000 as a valid BIOS expansion device, it executes the code stored in the boot block. The BIOS then loads the TrueFFS software from the flash memory into the host memory, delivering full disk capabilities to the operating system. This code is identical for all DiskOnChip 2000 capacities, since TrueFFS automatically detects the memory capacity of DiskOnChip 2000.
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3.4
Error Detection Code/Error Correction Code (EDC/ECC)
NAND flash, being an imperfect memory, requires error handling. DiskOnChip 2000 implements Reed-Solomon Error Detection Code (EDC). A hardware-generated, 6-byte error detection signature is computed each time a page (512 bytes) is written to or read from DiskOnChip 2000. The TrueFFS driver implements complementary Error Correction Code (ECC). Unlike error detection, which is required on every cycle, error correction is relatively seldom required, hence implemented in software. The combination of DiskOnChip's built-in EDC mechanism and the TrueFFS driver ensures highly reliable error detection and correction, while providing maximum performance. The following detection and correction capability is provided for each 512 bytes: * * * * Corrects up to two 10-bit symbols, including two random bit errors. Corrects single bursts up to 11 bits. Detects single bursts up to 31 bits and double bursts up to 11 bits. Detects up to 4 random bit errors.
3.5
Flash Control
The Flash Control block contains registers responsible for transferring the address, data and control information between the DiskOnChip TrueFFS driver and the flash media. Additional registers are used to monitor the status of the flash media (ready/busy) and of the DiskOnChip controller.
4.
* *
Operating Modes
Normal mode: The device responds to every valid hardware cycle. While in this mode, all sections respond to valid read and write cycles. Reset mode: The device ignores all write cycles (except for the "leave Reset mode" sequence), and returns pre-determined values for all read cycles. A valid write sequence to the Control register Triggering the Boot Detector circuit, which enables automatic driver loading in a PC environment.
DiskOnChip 2000 can operate in two modes:
Mode changes can occur due to any of the following events: * *
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5.
5.1
TrueFFS Technology
General Description
M-Systems' patented TrueFFS technology was designed to maximize the benefits of flash memory while overcoming inherent flash limitations that would otherwise reduce its performance, reliability and lifetime. TrueFFS emulates a hard disk, making it completely transparent to the OS. In addition, since it operates under the OS file system layer (see Figure 4), it is completely transparent to the application. Application OS File System TrueFFS
DiskOnChip Figure 4: TrueFFS Location in System Hierarchy TrueFFS technology support includes: * * * * * * * * * * * * * Binary driver support for all major OSs TrueFFS Software Development Kit (SDK) Boot Software Development Kit (BDK) Support for all major CPUs, including 8-, 16- and 32-bit bus architectures Block device API Flash file system management Bad-block management Dynamic virtual mapping Dynamic and static wear-leveling Power failure management Implementation of Reed-Solomon EDC/ECC Performance optimization Compatible with all DiskOnChip products
TrueFFS technology features:
5.1.1 Built-In Operating System Support
The TrueFFS driver is integrated into all major OSs, including: Windows CE/NT/NT Embedded/XP, Linux (various kernels), VxWorks, Nucleus, QNX, DOS, Symbian and others. For a complete listing of all available drivers, please refer to M-Systems' website http://www.m-sys.com. It is advised to use the latest driver versions that can be downloaded from the DiskOnChip 2000 web page on the M-Systems site.
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5.1.2 TrueFFS Software Development Kit (SDK)
The basic TrueFFS Software Development Kit (SDK) provides the source code of the TrueFFS driver. It can be used in an OS-less environment or when special customization of the driver is required for proprietary OSs.
5.1.3 File Management
TrueFFS accesses the flash memory within DiskOnChip 2000 through an 8KB window in the CPU memory space. It provides block device API, by using standard file system calls, identical to those used by a mechanical hard disk, to enable reading from and writing to any sector on DiskOnChip 2000. This makes it compatible with any file system and file system utilities such as diagnostic tools and applications. When using the File Allocation Table (FAT) file system, the data stored on DiskOnChip 2000 uses FAT-16. Note: DiskOnChip 2000 is shipped formatted, and contains the FAT file system.
5.1.4
Bad-Block Management
NAND flash, being an imperfect storage media, contains some bad blocks that cannot be used for storage because of their high error rates. TrueFFS automatically detects and maps bad blocks upon system initialization, ensuring that they are not used for storage. This management process is completely transparent to the user, who remains unaware of the existence and location of bad blocks, while remaining confident of the integrity of data stored. The Bad Block Table in DiskOnChip 2000 DIP is stored in a protected area for ensured reliability.
5.1.5 Wear-Leveling
Flash memory can be erased a limited number of times. This number is called the erase cycle limit or write endurance limit and is defined by the flash array vendor. The erase cycle limit applies to each individual erase block in the flash device. After reaching the cycle limit, as given by the flash vendor, the erase block begins to make storage errors at a rate significantly higher than the error rate that is typical to the flash. In a typical application and especially if a file system is used, a specific page or pages are constantly updated (e.g., the page/s that contain the FAT, registry etc.). Without any special handling, these pages would wear out more rapidly than other pages, reducing the lifetime of the entire flash. To overcome this inherent deficiency, TrueFFS uses M-Systems' patented wear-leveling algorithm. The wear-leveling algorithm ensures that consecutive writes of a specific sector are not written physically to the same page in the flash. This spreads flash media usage evenly across all pages, thereby maximizing flash lifetime. TrueFFS wear-leveling extends the flash lifetime 10 to 15 years beyond the lifetime of a typical application.
Dynamic Wear-Leveling
TrueFFS uses statistical allocation to perform dynamic wear-leveling on newly written data. This not only minimizes the number of erase cycles per block, it also minimizes the total number of erase cycles. Because a block erase is the most time-consuming operation, dynamic wear-leveling has a major impact on overall performance. This impact cannot be noticed during the first write to flash (since there is no need to erase blocks beforehand), but it is more and more noticeable as the flash media becomes full.
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Static Wear-Leveling
Areas on the flash media may contain static files, characterized by blocks of data that remain unchanged for very long periods of time, or even for the whole device lifetime. If wear-leveling were only applied on newly written pages, static areas would never be cycled. This limited application of wear-leveling would lower life expectancy significantly in cases where flash memory contains large static areas. To overcome this problem, TrueFFS forces data transfer in static areas as well as in dynamic areas, thereby applying wear-leveling to the entire media.
5.2
Power Failure Management
TrueFFS uses algorithms based on "erase after write" instead of "erase before write" to ensure data integrity during normal operation and in the event of a power failure. Used areas are reclaimed for erasing and writing the flash management information into them only after an operation is complete. This procedure serves as a check on data integrity. The "erase after write" algorithm is also used to update and store mapping information on the flash memory. This keeps the mapping information coherent even during power failures. The only mapping information held in RAM is a table pointing to the location of the actual mapping information. This table is reconstructed during power-up or after reset from the information stored in the flash memory. To prevent data from being lost or corrupted, TrueFFS uses the following mechanisms: * * When writing, copying, or erasing the flash device, the data format remains valid at all intermediate stages. Previous data is never erased until the operation has been completed and the new data has been verified. A data sector cannot exist in a partially written state. Either the operation is successfully completed, in which case the new sector contents are valid, or the operation has not yet been completed or has failed, in which case the old sector contents remain valid.
5.2.1 Error Detection/Correction
TrueFFS implements a Reed-Solomon Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithm to ensure data reliability. Refer to section 3.4 for further information on the EDC/ECC mechanism.
5.2.2 Special Features through I/O Control (IOCTL) Mechanism
In addition to standard storage device functionality, the TrueFFS driver provides extended functionality. This functionality goes beyond simple data storage capabilities to include features such as: format the media, binary partition(s) access, flash defragmentation and other options. This unique functionality is available in all TrueFFSbased drivers through the standard I/O control command of the native file system. For further information, please refer to application note AP-DOC-046 Extended Functions of the TrueFFS Driver for DiskOnChip.
5.2.3 Compatibility
The TrueFFS driver supports all released DiskOnChip products. Upgrading from one product to another requires no additional software integration. When using different drivers (e.g. TrueFFS SDK, BDK, BIOS extension firmware, etc.) to access DiskOnChip, the user must verify that all software is based on the same code base version. It is also important to use only tools (e.g. DFORMAT, DINFO, GETIMAGE, etc.) derived from the same version as the firmware version and the TrueFFS drivers used in the application. Failure to do so may lead to unexpected results, such as lost or corrupted data. The driver and firmware version can be verified by the sign-on messages displayed, or by the version information stored in the driver or tool.
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5.3
8KB Memory Window
The memory map of the DiskOnChip 2000 occupies a total address space of 8KB. This space consists of four 2KB sections, as shown in Figure 5and described below. * Section 0: Boot Block This section includes data that is typically used for booting code from the CPU. The available size is 64 bytes, aliased 32 times in the 2KB section. The second half of the boot block is located in Section 2. * Section 1: Boot Block This section includes the second 64 bytes of the Boot Block. The first 64 bytes can be found in Section 0, aliased 32 times. * * Section 2: Control Registers Used to control the behavior of the DiskOnChip 2000 and flash media. Section 3: Flash Area Window Used as a window to the flash media for data to be written or read.
Reset Mode 000H Boot Block 800H Boot Block 1000H 00H Section 2 Control Registers Section 1 Boot Block Section 0 Boot Block Normal Mode
1800H 00H Section 3 Flash Area Window
Figure 5: DiskOnChip 2000 Memory Map
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6.
6.1
Booting from DiskOnChip 2000
Introduction
DiskOnChip 2000 can operate as the OS boot device. The DiskOnChip default firmware contains drivers to enable it to perform as the OS boot device under DOS. For other OSs, please refer to the TrueFFS driver readme file.
6.2
Boot Procedure in PC-Compatible Platforms
When used in PC-compatible platforms, DiskOnChip 2000 is connected to an 8KB memory window in the BIOS expansion memory range, typically located between 0C8000H to 0EFFFFH. During the boot process, the BIOS loads the TrueFFS firmware into the PC memory and installs DiskOnChip as a disk drive in the system. When the operating system is loaded, DiskOnChip is recognized as a standard disk. No external software is required to boot from DiskOnChip. Figure 6 illustrates the location of the DiskOnChip 2000 memory window in the PC memory map.
Extended Memory 0FFFFFH 0F0000H DiskOnChip 0C8000H 0B0000H RAM 8k BIOS 1M
Display
640k
0
Figure 6: DiskOnChip 2000 Memory Window in the PC Memory Map After reset, the BIOS code first executes the Power On Self-Test (POST) and then searches for all expansion ROM devices. When DiskOnChip 2000 is found, the BIOS code executes from it the IPL (Initial Program Loader) code, located in the boot block. This code loads the TrueFFS driver into system memory, installs DiskOnChip 2000 as a disk in the system, and then returns control to the BIOS code. The operating system subsequently identifies DiskOnChip 2000 as an available disk. TrueFFS responds by emulating a hard disk. From this point onward, DiskOnChip 2000 appears as a standard disk drive. It is assigned a drive letter and can be used by any application, without any modifications to either the BIOS set-up or the autoexec.bat/ config.sys files. DiskOnChip 2000 can be used as the only disk in the system, with or without a floppy drive, and with or without hard disks. The drive letter assigned depends on how DiskOnChip 2000 is used in the system, as follows: * * If DiskOnChip 2000 is used as the only disk in the system, the system boots directly from it and assigns it drive C. If DiskOnChip 2000 is used with other disks in the system: o o * DiskOnChip 2000 can be configured as the last drive (the default configuration). The system assigns drive C to the hard disk and drive D to DiskOnChip 2000. Alternatively, DiskOnChip 2000 can be configured as the system's first drive. The system assigns drive D to the hard disk and drive C to DiskOnChip 2000.
If DiskOnChip 2000 is used as the OS boot device when configured as drive C, it must be formatted as a bootable device by copying the OS files onto it. This is done by using the SYS command when running DOS.
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DiskOnChip 2000 DIP Data Sheet
7.
7.1
*
Design Considerations
Design Environment
Evaluation Boards (EVB) for enabling software integration and development with DiskOnChip 2000, even before the target platform is available. An EVB with an ISA standard connector and a PCI standard connector for immediate plug and play usage are available. Programming solutions: o o o * * GANG programmer Programming house On-board programming
DiskOnChip 2000 provides a complete design environment consisting of:
*
TrueFFS Software Development Kit (SDK) and BDK DOS utilities: o o o DFORMAT GETIMG/PUTIMG DINFO Data Sheet Application Notes Technical Notes Articles White Papers
*
Documentation: o o o o o
Please visit M-Systems' website (www.m-sys.com) for the most updated documentation, utilities and drivers.
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7.2
System Interface
DiskOnChip 2000 uses an SRAM-like interface that can easily be connected to any microprocessor bus. With a standard interface, it requires 13 address lines, 8 data lines and basic memory control signals (CE#, OE#, WE#), as shown in Figure 7 below. Typically, DiskOnChip 2000 can be mapped to any free 8KB memory space. In a PC-compatible platform, it is usually mapped into the BIOS expansion area. If the allocated memory window is larger than 8KB, an automatic anti-aliasing mechanism prevents the firmware from being loaded more than once during the ROM expansion search.
3.3V or 5V
0.1 uF 10 nF
Address Data
A[12:0] D[7:0]
VCC
DiskOnChip 2000
Output Enable Write Enable Chip Enable OE# WE# CE# VSS
Figure 7: DiskOnChip 2000 System Interface Notes: 1. 2. The 0.1F and the 10nF low-inductance high-frequency capacitors must be attached to each of the device's VCC and VSS pins. DiskOnChip 2000 is an edge-sensitive device. CE#, OE# and WE# should be properly terminated (according to board layout, serial parallel or both terminations) to avoid signal ringing.
7.3
* * * *
Connecting Signals
Address (A[12:0]) - Connect these signals to the host address bus. Data (D[7:0]) - Connect these signals to the host data bus. Write (WE#) and Output Enable (OE#) - Connect these signals to the host WR# and RD# signals, respectively. Chip Enable (CE#) - Connect this signal to the memory address decoder.
DiskOnChip 2000 uses standard SRAM-like control signals, which should be connected as follows:
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7.4
Platform-Specific Issues
The following section describes hardware design issues.
7.4.1 Wait State
Wait states can be implemented only when DiskOnChip 2000 is designed in a bus that supports a Wait state insertion, and supplies a WAIT signal.
7.4.2 Big and Little Endian Systems
PowerPC, ARM, and other RISC processors can use either Big or Little Endian systems. DiskOnChip 2000 uses the Little Endian system. Therefore, byte D[7:0] is its Least Significant Byte (LSB); bit D0 is the least significant bit within that byte. When connecting the DiskOnChip to a device that supports the Big Endian system, make sure to that the bytes of the CPU and the DiskOnChip match. Note: Processors, such as the PowerPC, also change the bit ordering within the bytes. Failing to follow these rules results in improper connection of the DiskOnChip and prevents the TrueFFS driver from identifying the DiskOnChip.
7.4.3
Working with 8/16/32-Bit Systems
The TrueFFS driver supports 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit bus architectures. Support for the 16-bit and 32-bit bus architectures, typically used in RISC processors, can be achieved by using the LSB of the data bus as follows: * For 16-bit address boundary shifts, shift the address lines by one, so that the host address line A1 connects to DiskOnChip 2000 address line A0, the host address line A2 connects to DiskOnChip 2000 line A1, and so on. For 32-bit address boundary shifts, shift the address lines by two, so that the host address line A2 connects to DiskOnChip 2000 address line A0, the host address line A3 connects to DiskOnChip 2000 line A1, and so on.
*
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8.
8.1 8.1.1
* * *
Product Specifications
Environmental Specifications Temperature Ranges
Commercial operating temperature: 0 C to +70 C Extended operating temperature: -40 C to +85 C Storage temperature: -50 C to +85 C
8.1.2
DiskOnChip Assembly
The DiskOnChip 2000 DIP device is not hermetically sealed. Therefore, it must be assembled after the PCB goes through its final rinse. Assembling DiskOnChip 2000 prior to the rinse phase may cause it to absorb moisture. Failure to adhere to the above assembly instruction can lead to device failures not covered by M-Systems' warranty. Note: DiskOnChip 2000 DIP requires a DIP socket on the target platform. Due to its plastic shell and molding material, it cannot be soldered directly to the platform.
8.1.3
Humidity
10% - 90% relative, non-condensing
8.1.4
Shock and Vibration
Table 1: Reliability Tests
Test Conditions 100Hz~2000Hz, 15G peak, 3 cycles per axis (1hr.), 3 axes Half sine shock 50G, 11msec, +/-3 shock per axis, 3 axes Reference Standard STD-202F, Method 204D STD-202F, Method 213B
Reliability Test Vibration Mechanical Shock
8.2 8.2.1
Electrical Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 2: Maximum Ratings
Parameter Symbol VCCS VIN IIN 3.3V Model Rating1 -0.5 to 4.6 -0.5 to VCC + 0.3 Not Specified 5V Model Rating1 -0.3 to 6.0 -0.3 to VCC + 0.3 -10 to 10 Units V V mA +25 C Notes
DC supply voltage Input pin voltage2 Input pin current
1. 2.
Permanent device damage may occur if absolute maximum ratings are exceeded. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. The voltage on any pin may undershoot to -2.0V or overshoot to Vcc+2.0V for periods <20ns.
8.2.2
Capacitance
Table 3: Input/Output Capacitance
Parameter Input/Output Capacitance Conditions MD2200/2, VIN = 0V MD2203, VIN = 0V 3.3V Model Rating 12 36 5V Model Rating 15 45 Unit pF pF
Symbol CI/O
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Note: Capacitance is not 100% tested.
8.2.3
DC Electrical Characteristics over Operating Range
Table 4: Vcc = 5V Characteristics
Parameter System Supply Voltage
1
Symbol VCCS Vih Vil Voh VOL IIL
Conditions
Min 4.5 2.0
Typ 5.0
Max 5.5 0.8
Unit V V V V V A A A A mA A A
High-level Input Voltage Low-level Input Voltage High-level Output Voltage Low-level Output Voltage Input Leakage Current IOH = -16mA IOL = 16mA MD2200, MD2202 MD2203
2.4 0.4
10 30 10 30
40 60 240 60 400 1200
IOZ
Output Leakage Current
MD2200, MD2202 MD2203
Ivcc Istdby
Supply Current Standby Current
200ns Cycle Time, Outputs open MD2200, MD2202 MD2203
Note: The supply voltage of the extended temperature products listed below is Vcc = 5V 0.25V: MD2202-D192-X, MD2202-D256-X, MD2202-D384-X, MD2203-D576-X, MD2203-D768-X, MD2203D1024-X Table 5: Vcc = 3.3V Characteristics
Symbol VCCS Vih Vil VHYS Voh VOL Parameter System Supply Voltage
1
Conditions
Min 3.0 2.7
Typ 3.3
Max 3.6 0.6
Unit V V V V V V
High-level Input Voltage Low-level Input Voltage Input Voltage Hysteresis High-level Output Voltage Low-level Output Voltage IOH = -18mA IOH = 0mA IOL = 18mA IOL = 0mA MD2200, MD2202
1.1 2.4 Vcc-0.1
1.5
0.4 0.1
V V A A A A mA A A
IIL
Input Leakage Current
10 30 10 30
30 70 300 60 400 1350
MD2203 MD2200, MD2202
IOZ Ivcc Istdby
Output Leakage Current Supply Current Standby Current
MD2203 150ns Cycle Time, Outputs open MD2200, MD2202 MD2203
Note: The supply voltage of the extended temperature products listed below is Vcc = 3. 3V 0.15V: MD2202-D192-V3-X, MD2202-D256-V3-X, MD2202-D384-V3-X, MD2203-D576-V3-X, MD2203-D768V3-X, MD2203-D1024-V3-X
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8.2.4
AC Operating Conditions
Table 6: AC Operating Conditions
Parameter Supply Voltage
1,2
Timing specifications are based on the following conditions:
3.3V Model VCC = 3.3V 0.3V 0.2V to 2.9V 1ns 1.5V 100 pF
5V Model VCC = 5V 0.5V 0.4V to 2.6V 5ns 0.8V and 2.0V 50 pF
Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input and Output Timing Levels Output Load
1.
The supply voltage of the extended temperature products listed below is Vcc = 3. 3V 0.15V: MD2202-D192-V3-X, MD2202-D256-V3-X, MD2202-D384-V3-X, MD2203-D576-V3-X, MD2203D768-V3-X, MD2203-D1024-V3-X The supply voltage of the extended temperature products listed below is Vcc = 5V 0.25V: MD2202-D192-X, MD2202-D256-X, MD2202-D384-X, MD2203-D576-X, MD2203-D768-X, MD2203-D1024-X
2.
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8.3
Timing Specifications
8.3.1 Read Cycle Timing
TSU(A)
A[0..12]
CE#
THO(CE1) TSU(CE0) THO(CE0) TACC TSU(CE1)
OE#
TREC
WE#
TEN(D) TDIS(D)
D[0..7]
Figure 8: Read Cycle Table 7: Read Cycle Timing
Symbol TSU(A) THO(A) Description Address to OE# OE# setup 2 35 0 0 8 8 20 110 15 75 13 7 3.3V Min (ns) Max (ns) Min (ns) 10 56 0 0 42 42 59 130 91 44 1 2 5V Max (ns) Notes
to Address hold to OE# setup
TSU(CE0) CE# THO(CE0) OE# TSU(CE1) CE# TREC Tacc Ten(D) Tdis(D) OE# OE# OE#
to CE# = 0 hold to CE# = 1 hold setup time
THO(CE1) OE# or WE#
to WE# or OE#
to start of next cycle to D active delay to D Hi-Z delay
Read access time
1. 2.
CE# may be asserted any time before or after OE# is asserted. If CE# is asserted after OE#, all timing relative to OE# asserted will be referenced instead to the time CE# was asserted. CE# may be negated any time before or after OE# is negated. If CE# is negated before OE#, all timing relative to OE# negated will be referenced instead to the time CE# was negated.
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8.3.2 Write Cycle Timing
TSU(A) THO(A)
A[0..12]
THO(CE1)
CE#
THO(CE0)
THO(CE0) TW (WE)
TSU(CE1) TREC
OE#
WE#
TSU(D) THO(D)
D[0..7]
Figure 9: Write Cycle Table 8: Write Cycle Timing
Symbol TSU(A) THO(A) TW(WE) TSU(CE0) THO(CE0) THO(CE1) TSU(CE1) TREC TSU(D) THO(D) Description Min (ns) Address to WE# WE# CE# WE# setup time 0 35 62 0 0 8 8 22 50 0 3.3V Max (ns) Min (ns) 10 56 98 0 0 42 42 59 48 40 1 2 5V Max (ns) Notes
to Address hold time to WE# setup time
WE# asserted width
to CE# = 0 hold time to CE# = 1 hold time setup time
OE# or WE# CE# WE#
to WE# or OE#
to start of next cycle setup time
D to WE# WE#
to D hold time
1. 2.
CE# may be asserted any time before or after WE# is asserted. If CE# is asserted after WE#, all timing relative to WE# asserted will be referenced instead to the time CE# was asserted. CE# may be negated any time before or after WE# is negated. If CE# is negated before WE#, all timing relative to WE# negated will be referenced instead to the time CE# was negated.
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8.4
Mechanical Dimensions
Figure 10: MD220x Mechanical Dimensions Table 9: Low-Profile
MD2200 Millimeters (max.) A B C D E F G H 41.9 18.05 2.54 15.24 5.7 4.0 0.51 38.2 MD2202 Millimeters (max.) 43.95 18.3 2.54 15.24 6.0 4.0 0.51 38.2
Table 10: High-Profile
MD2203 Millimeters (max.) A B C D E F G H 45.6 18.8 2.54 15.24 13.5 4.0 0.51 38.2
Note: The above dimensions are maximum values.
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9.
Ordering Information
MD2200-DCC-V-T (Low-Profile) CC: V: T: Capacity (MB) Supply Voltage Temperature Range (optional) 24 Blank V3 Blank X 5V 3.3V Commercial: 0C to +70C Extended: -40C to +85C
MD2202-DCCC-V-T (Low-Profile) CC: V: T: Capacity (MB) Supply Voltage Temperature Range (optional) 16, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, 192, 256, 384 Blank V3 Blank X 576, 768, 1024 Blank V3 Blank X 5V 3.3V Commercial: 0C to +70C Extended: -40C to +85C 5V 3.3V Commercial: 0C to +70C Extended: -40C to +85C
MD2203-DCCC-V-T (High-Profile) CCC: V: T: Capacity (MB) Supply Voltage Temperature Range (optional)
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How to Contact Us
Website: General Information: Technical Information: USA
http://www.m-sys.com info@m-sys.com techsupport@m-sys.com
China
M-Systems Inc. 8371 Central Ave, Suite A Newark CA 94560 Phone: +1-510-494-2090 Fax: +1-510-494-5545
Taiwan
M-Systems China Ltd. 25A International Business Commercial Bldg. Nanhu Rd., Lou Hu District Shenzhen, China 518001 Phone: +86-755-519-4732 Fax: +86-755-519-4729
Europe and Israel
M-Systems Asia, Ltd. Room B, 13 F, No. 133 Sec. 3 Min Sheng East Road Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. Phone: +886-2-8770-6226 Fax: +886-2-8770-6295
Japan
M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Ltd. 7 Atir Yeda St. Kfar Saba 44425, Israel Phone: +972-9-764-5000 Fax: +972-3-548-8666
M-Systems Japan Inc. Asahi Seimei Gotanda Bldg., 3F 5-25-16 Higashi-Gotanda Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, 141-0022 Phone: +81-3-5423-8101 Fax: +81-3-5423-8102
(c) 2002 M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers, Ltd. All rights reserved. This document is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Ltd. assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrievable manner or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without prior written consent of M-Systems. M-Systems products are not warranted to operate without failure. Accordingly, in any use of the Product in life support systems or other applications where failure could cause injury or loss of life, the Product should only be incorporated in systems designed with appropriate and sufficient redundancy or backup features. Contact your local M-Systems sales office or distributor, or visit our website at www.m-sys.com to obtain the latest specifications before placing your order. DiskOnChip(R), DiskOnChip Millennium Plus(R), TrueFFS(R) and DiskOnKey(R) are registered trademarks of M-Systems. FFDTM and SuperMAPTM are trademarks of M-Systems. Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners and are hereby acknowledged.
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Data Sheet, Rev. 3.7
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